Non-Aligned Conference Bangladesh
The Non-Aligned Conference is being held in a resort city of Sharm el -Sheikh in Egypt and the heads of state/government will be meeting on 15-16th July. It is reported that Bangladesh Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina leaves on 14th July for the summit.
The NAM consists of 118 developing countries (two-thirds of humankind). It will be a good gathering of heads of states/ government. Bangladesh Prime Minister reportedly is expected to meet on sidelines as many as 12 leaders including India’s Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh.
NAM & Its Objectives:
NAM was founded in 1961 in Belgrade. Only 25 countries attended the Belgrade meet. The seed of NAM was, however, sown at the 1955 Bandung ( Indonesia) Conference of Asian-African leaders.
The principal purpose of NAM was to distance itself from the influence of two super powers during the Cold War. Non-Alignment is not neutrality. The policy of neutrality has the connotation of being “isolationist”, while the underlying principle of Non-Alignment is active involvement in regional and global issues in such a way, not influenced by pressure of any super power.
The core principles of NAM are:
(i)Mutual non-aggression ,
(ii)Mutual non-interference in domestic affairs
(iii) Equality and mutual benefit
(iv)Peaceful co-existence
Bangladesh joined the NAM in 1973 and Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman participated in the NAM summit at Algiers in the same year. The decision was motivated by his desire to widen and broaden Bangladesh’s relationship with other developing countries. His attendance was a big exposure soon after independence for Bangladesh and many Non-Aligned leaders were impressed by his personality.
One of the important features of the Non-Aligned Movement is the flexibility of policy of member-countries as there is no compulsion of bloc votes. Bangladesh is able to decide an issue on its merits from its national perspective and vote for or against it.
Past record of NAM:
Although the leaders of the NAM played a key role in the process of de-colonisation of former colonies, they neglected the most fundamental economic and social issue, i.e. reduction of poverty in the member-countries. The leaders frittered away their energy on political and ideological issues than those on “bread and butter” questions.
The gap between rich and poor countries is larger at the beginning of the 21st century than it was at the beginning of the 20th century. It is estimated that 800 million people go hungry in NAM countries.
The member-countries have failed to make greater use of their own resources, national and collective to make them self-reliant. They also did not take united action as a group in securing global reforms through negotiations with industrialized countries.
Corruption and nepotism plagued almost all NAM countries. Greater dependence on imports of luxuries of life had been allowed for comforts of rich to the neglect of needs of vast majority of poor.
Some of the leaders have no accountability, considered their countries as private property and acquired weapons to crush public dissent to continue their power.
Future Directions of NAM:
NAM should help redefine the organisation because the world is no longer defined by the two warring Cold War blocs. Many suggest the NAM has to devise its policies and priorities if it wants to play key role at the 21st century. They have to focus the economic management and social harmony for the benefit of their people so that they get access to education, higher quality of life and political freedom.
At the 21st century, combating terrorism, pandemic diseases and adverse effects of global climate change, as well as security for fresh water security, energy and food, among others, are to be accorded top priority.
Globalisation has distorted the pattern of trade for developing countries. Access to markets of goods from NAM countries to rich industrialized countries would be more beneficial than that of aid. Bangladesh as the leader of LDCs may demand greater free access of their goods to global market.
Furthermore mobility of labour from developing countries has been restricted or prohibited while capital is allowed freely to move in and from NAM countries. The NAM countries must seriously devise ways and means as to how global communication, migration, investment and trade can bring benefits to them.
Another challenge is how to resolve conflicts or inter-state disputes among them. Yet one rarely hears leaders of warring countries to express their firm determination to resolve the disputes or sources of conflicts.
A mandatory dispute-resolution mechanism may be considered within NAM to mediate or arbitrate or judicially settle the inter-states conflicts.
Another fact that has dogged the NAM countries is the division among them, some of them are pro-West, and some of them are anti-West. Many observers say the conference is a gathering of disharmonious voices. The split weakens the NAM as it is unable to speak in unison on core issues.
Finally, NAM has to re-invent itself and direct its energies to remove poverty among their nationals. The days of political rhetoric is gone, socio-economic development with equitable distribution of national wealth among people should be the main focus of NAM.
by Barrister Harun ur Rashid
Former Bangladesh Ambassador to the UN, Geneva.
